MEDICAL INFORMATION: Paracetamol is available over the counter, but misuse can cause severe, irreversible liver damage. This content is for educational purposes only. Always follow the instructions on the package and consult your doctor or pharmacist before use, especially if you have liver or kidney problems.
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen) in Egypt: Complete Guide
Summary
Paracetamol, also known as Acetaminophen, is a widely used analgesic (pain reliever) and antipyretic (fever reducer). In Egypt, it is manufactured by several companies under various brand names and dosage forms. This guide covers its uses, mechanism of action, safety guidelines, and available products in the Egyptian market.
Mechanism of Action
Paracetamol works mainly in the central nervous system, inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis which reduces pain and lowers fever. It has minimal anti-inflammatory activity compared to NSAIDs, making it gentler on the stomach.
Pharmacokinetics
- Absorption: Rapid and almost complete after oral administration.
- Onset of Action: 30–60 minutes.
- Metabolism: Mainly in the liver via glucuronidation and sulfation.
- Half-life: Approximately 2–3 hours in healthy adults.
- Excretion: Via urine as conjugated metabolites.
Indications
- Headache and migraine
- Toothache
- Muscle and joint pain
- Menstrual cramps
- Pain from cold or flu
- Fever from infections
- Alternative to aspirin for those allergic or intolerant
Dosage & Administration
- Adults & children over 12 years: 500–1000 mg every 4–6 hours as needed. Max 4000 mg/day.
- Children under 12 years: 10–15 mg/kg/dose every 4–6 hours. Max 60 mg/kg/day.
- IV infusion: Dose determined by healthcare professional in hospital settings.
Available Forms
- Tablets: 500 mg (Pharco, ADCO, El Nasr, CID, MUP)
- Tablets: 1 g (ADCO)
- IV Infusion 1% (10 mg/mL):
- 100 mL vials (Pharco B, Rameda)
- 50 mL vials (Pharco B)
Available Brands in Egypt
| Brand Name | Manufacturer |
|---|---|
| Paracetamol | Pharco |
| Paracetamol-ADCO | Arab Drug Company (ADCO) |
| Paracetamol-ADWIC | El Nasr |
| Paracetamol-CID | CID |
| Paracetamol-MUP | MUP |
| Paracetamol-Pharco B (IV) | Pharco B |
| Paracetamol-Rameda (IV) | Rameda |
Side Effects
- Generally well tolerated at recommended doses
- Rare: skin rash, allergic reactions
- Overdose can cause severe liver injury
Warnings & Precautions
- Do not exceed recommended daily dose
- Use with caution in liver or kidney impairment
- Avoid alcohol during treatment
Drug Interactions
- Alcohol – increases liver toxicity risk
- Warfarin – long-term use may increase bleeding risk
- Enzyme-inducing drugs (rifampicin, carbamazepine) – may increase toxicity risk
Use in Special Populations
- Pregnancy: Generally safe when used as directed
- Breastfeeding: Passes into milk in small amounts; safe at normal doses
- Elderly: No specific dose adjustment if liver/kidney function is normal
- Liver/Kidney Disease: Dose reduction may be necessary
Overdose & Management
Overdose can cause life-threatening liver failure. Immediate medical attention is required. Treatment includes activated charcoal (if early) and administration of N-acetylcysteine as an antidote.
Storage Instructions
- Store below 30°C
- Keep in original packaging
- Keep out of reach of children
Patient Counseling Points
- Check all medicines to avoid doubling up on paracetamol
- Follow dosing schedule strictly
- Seek help immediately if overdose is suspected
FAQ
Q: Is Paracetamol the same as Acetaminophen? Yes, they are the same drug, different names.
Q: Can I take Paracetamol if allergic to Aspirin? Yes, usually safe. Consult your doctor.
Q: Is Paracetamol safe in pregnancy? Yes, if used at recommended doses for short periods.
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