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Absorbable selenium capule


Absorbable selenium capsules are dietary supplements providing 200 µg elemental selenium per capsule in the organic form L‑selenomethionine, designed for optimal uptake and stability in a softgel or vegetarian capsule matrix . Selenium is an essential trace element that functions as a cofactor in antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidases) and thyroid hormone–converting deiodinases, supporting immune function, reproduction, and protection against oxidative stress . The organic selenomethionine form exhibits superior bioavailability, with absorption largely unaffected by baseline selenium status, making it preferable to inorganic forms like selenite or selenate .



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Composition & Formulation


Active Ingredient: 200 µg elemental selenium as L‑selenomethionine per capsule (Puritan’s Pride “Absorbable Selenium” softgel; NOW Foods 200 µg Veg Capsules) .


Excipients & Capsule: Softgel matrix (Puritan’s Pride) or hypromellose vegetarian capsule (NOW Foods) with inert fillers such as rice flour and cellulose .


Rationale for Form: L‑selenomet­hionine is incorporated nonspecifically into body proteins and into selenoprotein synthesis pathways, offering a reservoir effect and higher retention than inorganic salts .




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Biological Role & Mechanism


Selenium is integral to the 25 human selenoproteins, notably:


Glutathione Peroxidases (GPx): Catalyze reduction of hydrogen and lipid hydroperoxides, protecting cells from oxidative damage .


Iodothyronine Deiodinases: Activate (D1, D2) and deactivate (D3) thyroid hormones, essential for metabolic and neurological health .


Immune Modulation: Selenium status influences proliferation and function of T cells and NK cells, enhancing antiviral and antitumor immunity .




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Absorption & Bioavailability


High Absorption: Dietary selenium, especially as selenomethionine, is absorbed at rates of 85–95% and is minimally influenced by body stores .


Superior Form: L‑selenomet­hionine shows better retention and incorporation into body proteins compared with sodium selenite or selenate .


Peak Plasma Levels: Achieved within 1–2 hours post‑dose, with a half‑life reflecting both free amino acid pools and incorporation into tissue proteins .




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Indications & Uses


Dietary Supplementation: To meet or exceed the Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) of 55 µg/day in adults and address suboptimal intake from diet alone .


Antioxidant Support: Enhances cellular defenses against reactive oxygen species in conditions of increased oxidative stress (e.g., smoking, pollution) .


Thyroid Health: Adjunct for thyroid hormone metabolism in patients with marginal selenium status .


Immune Function: May support immune responsiveness, particularly in populations at risk of deficiency (elderly, HIV infection) .




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Dosage & Administration


Recommended Intake: Adults 19+ years: 55 µg/day (RDA); Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL): 400 µg/day .


Supplement Regimen: 1 capsule (200 µg) once daily with a meal to enhance absorption of this fat‑soluble nutrient .


Special Populations: Pregnant/lactating women: RDA 60–70 µg/day; adjust supplement only under medical advice .




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Safety & Toxicity


Selenosis Risk: Chronic intake > UL (400 µg/day) can lead to garlic‑like breath odor, gastrointestinal upset, alopecia, nail brittleness, and neuropathy .


Acute Toxicity: Extremely high doses (> 1 000 µg/day) pose risk of severe GI distress, respiratory distress, and potentially fatal outcomes .


Monitoring: Patients on high‑dose regimens or with renal/hepatic impairment should have periodic plasma selenium levels and clinical assessment .




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Drug & Nutrient Interactions


Anticoagulants/Antiplatelets: Selenium may potentiate bleeding risk when combined with warfarin, heparin, aspirin, or clopidogrel; use with caution and monitor INR/bleeding .


Chemotherapeutics: May protect against cisplatin‑induced nephrotoxicity but potentially interfere with antitumor efficacy; consult oncology team .


Antioxidants: Synergistic with vitamin E; high combined doses can alter pharmacodynamics of lipid‑soluble drugs .


Heavy Metals: Selenium can mitigate mercury toxicity by forming inert complexes, but high supplemental selenium should be balanced against essential metal homeostasis .




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Storage & Packaging


Presentation: Bottles of 100–200 softgels or vegetarian capsules, typically amber‑colored to protect from light.


Storage Conditions: Store at 15–30 °C, in a dry place away from direct sunlight; keep container tightly closed and out of reach of children .




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References


1. Puritan’s Pride. Absorbable Selenium 200 mcg Softgels. Puritan.com. 



2. NOW Foods. Selenium 200 mcg Veg Capsules. NOWFoods.com. 



3. Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH). Selenium – Health Professional Fact Sheet. ODS.nih.gov. 



4. Healthline. 10 Best Selenium Supplements. Healthline.com. 



5. Wikipedia. Selenium. Wikipedia.org. 



6. Wikipedia. Selenium in biology. Wikipedia.org. 



7. NIH Office of Dietary Supplements. Selenium – Consumer Fact Sheet. ODS.nih.gov. 



8. NCBI Bookshelf. Selenium – StatPearls. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 



9. NCBI Bookshelf. Toxicological Profile for Selenium. ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. 



10. Wikipedia. Selenium – Toxicity. Wikipedia.org. 



11. Health.com

. 5 Health Benefits of Selenium. Health.com. 



12. Lima Memorial Health System. Possible Interactions with Selenium. LimaMemorial.org. 




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